ANALYSIS LAB

Solution Preparation: Measure solute mass using balance, transfer into volumetric flask, and dilute to mark. Concentration is computed in real time with uncertainty effects.

Qualitative Analysis: Reagent addition triggers color changes, precipitate formation, and gas evolution signatures to infer likely ions and compounds.

Acid-Base Titration: Endpoint is detected by pH inflection and indicator response. Concentration is estimated with M1V1=M2V2.

Spectrophotometry: Calibration and unknown analysis use Beer-Lambert relation A = epsilon*l*c, including wavelength mismatch and setup quality penalties.